A large modulation index is needed for practical reasons.
2.
This is explained by the absence of change in the Attention Modulation Index ( AMI ).
3.
Sometimes modulation index h < 0.3 rad is considered as Narrowband FM otherwise Wideband FM.
4.
In this simple case " M " is identical to the modulation index, discussed below.
5.
In FMS, the light is modulated at a much higher frequency but with a lower modulation index.
6.
Alt = Graphs illustrating how signal intelligibility increases with modulation index, but only up to 100 % using standard AM.
7.
This is the smallest FSK modulation index that can be chosen such that the waveforms for 0 and 1 are orthogonal.
8.
However it is possible to talk about a modulation index exceeding 100 %, without introducing distortion, in the case of double-sideband reduced-carrier transmission.
9.
This is why Apollo uses a low modulation index : to leave a strong carrier that can be used for highly accurate velocity tracking by measurement of its Doppler shift.
10.
For a sine wave modulation, the modulation index is seen to be the ratio of the peak frequency deviation of the carrier wave to the frequency of the modulating sine wave.
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